Plant competition for underground real estate, i.e. the competition for resources such as water and nutrients in the soil, can have significant effects on both carbon storage and food production.

When plants compete for underground resources, they can have both positive and negative impacts on carbon storage. On the positive side, competition can stimulate plant growth and increase the amount of carbon that is stored in plant biomass and in the soil. This is because plants that are able to access more resources can grow more vigorously and produce more organic matter, which can then be stored in the soil. On the negative side, competition can also lead to the release of carbon from the soil, as plants that are less competitive may not be able to take up enough resources to support their growth, and as a result, may die and decompose, releasing carbon back into the atmosphere.

In terms of food production, plant competition can have both positive and negative effects as well. When plants are able to access more resources, they can grow more vigorously and produce higher yields, which can lead to increased food production. However, when competition is intense, it can also lead to reduced yields, as weaker plants may not be able to compete effectively for the resources they need to grow.

Understanding the dynamics of plant competition for underground resources is important for both carbon storage and food production. Farmers and gardeners can promote healthy plant growth and optimize yields by providing adequate resources, minimizing competition, and selecting plants that are well-suited to the local growing conditions.