Mycorrhizae are a type of fungi that form a mutually beneficial relationship with the roots of plants. This relationship, known as a symbiosis, benefits both the plant and the fungi. The plant provides the mycorrhizae with carbohydrates produced during photosynthesis, while the mycorrhizae help the plant absorb nutrients and water from the soil. In this article, we will discuss why mycorrhizae are important for plant growth and soil health.

Mycorrhizae are essential for plant growth as they enhance nutrient uptake, particularly for phosphorus. Phosphorus is an important nutrient that is often present in soil in a form that is not readily available to plants. Mycorrhizae form a network of fine, hair-like structures called hyphae that extend into the soil and increase the surface area for nutrient absorption. This allows the mycorrhizae to access and break down the unavailable phosphorus, making it easier for the plant to absorb.

In addition to phosphorus, mycorrhizae also help plants absorb other important nutrients such as nitrogen, potassium, calcium, and magnesium. By increasing nutrient uptake, mycorrhizae improve plant growth, yield, and overall health. Studies have shown that plants with mycorrhizae have larger root systems, produce more foliage, and are better able to withstand environmental stressors such as drought and disease.

Mycorrhizae are also important for soil health. The hyphae produced by mycorrhizae improve soil structure, making it more porous and able to hold water and nutrients. This improves soil fertility, reduces erosion, and increases the availability of nutrients for other microorganisms in the soil. The hyphae also release organic compounds that increase the soil’s ability to retain moisture and suppress soil-borne pathogens.

To nurture the ancient symbiotic relationship between mycorrhizal fungi and plants’ roots, gardeners can take a few simple steps. First, avoid using chemical fertilizers and pesticides that can harm the mycorrhizae. Instead, use organic fertilizers and soil amendments such as compost and aged manure that promote soil health and encourage the growth of beneficial microorganisms. Second, minimize soil disturbance by avoiding excessive tilling and leaving plant roots in the soil after harvest to promote mycorrhizal colonization. Finally, select plants that have been bred to work well with mycorrhizae, such as beans, peas, and many fruit trees.

Mycorrhizae are important for plant growth and soil health. By enhancing nutrient uptake, improving soil structure, and suppressing soil-borne pathogens, mycorrhizae improve plant growth, yield, and overall health. By nurturing this ancient symbiotic relationship between mycorrhizal fungi and plants’ roots, gardeners can increase their garden harvests and promote a healthier soil ecosystem.