Nutrigenetics:

Genetic variations, called single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), can affect how an individual's body absorbs, metabolizes, and utilizes different nutrients. For example, some people may have a genetic variation that affects how their body processes folate, a nutrient important for DNA synthesis and cell division. If these individuals do not consume enough folate in their diet, they may be at increased risk for certain health problems, such as birth defects, cardiovascular disease, or cancer.

Nutrigenomics:

Nutrients in our diet can influence gene expression through various mechanisms, such as epigenetic modifications, transcription factor activity, and signaling pathways. For example, some nutrients, such as omega-3 fatty acids, can alter the expression of genes involved in inflammation, cell growth, and immune function. Other dietary components, such as phytochemicals, can affect gene expression by interacting with specific receptors or enzymes in the body.

Research in nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics is still ongoing, and much is still unknown about how individual genetic variations and dietary factors interact to affect health outcomes. However, this field of study has the potential to revolutionize the way we approach nutrition and disease prevention, by providing more personalized and tailored recommendations based on an individual's unique genetic profile and dietary patterns.